Pneumatic tool



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

W. M. WOOD. PNEUMATIC TOOL.

No. 443,030. Patented Dec. 16, 1890.

I [Ii (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. M. WOOD. PNEUMATIC TOOL.

No. 443,030. Patented Dec. 16, 1890.

A HWE/VTUH/ WAMf/fi W 71! W00 i- UNITED STATES PATENT ()F'FICE.

WILLIAM M. \VOOD, OF BOS"ON, MASSACI'IUSET' PNEUMATIC TOQL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 448,050, dated December16, 1890.

Application filed August 1, 1890- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM M. WOOD, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State ofMassachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Pneumatic Tool, ofwhich the fol lowing is a specification.

My invention relates to tools in which hammers, dies, swages, cutters,or other instruments are kept in rapid operation by the rapidly-repeatedmovement of mechanism which is operated by the power of air, gas, steam,or other fluid or agent conveyed to the apparatus from some exteriorsource, and is espe cially designed for application to instrumentsemployed for reducing by a hammering or s'waging process the burr orexpansion at the weld formed between two pieces of metal by the processof electric welding,

I have hereinafter described my invention as carried out in connectionwith a tool wherein the agent which is employed for reciprocatin g oroperating the parts is air, gas, steam, or other fluid, though in someparticulars my invention is applicable to tools wherein the tool may bereciprocated or kept in rapid operation by means of some other agentsupplied by suitable conductors to the parts of the tool. In those caseswhere a number of tools are employed, all operating in lines convergingupon the work or mounted so an to surround the same, provision must bemade for the ready application of the instrument to the work and forremoving the same. Before my invention it was the practice to employ aninstrument having but three tools or hammers working on radial linestoward the work, the space between them being sufficient to permit theinstrument to he slipped over the work. 7

My present invention consists, essentially, in mounting thereciprocating plungers that operate or carry the hammers, dies, orsimilar devices converging upon the work upon two arms or supportsadapted to be swung or moved apart, so that the instrument may be placedover the work and then closed down upon it in position to permit all thetools to act on the same together. v

My invention consists, further, in the manner of controlling the agentwhich supplies the power for actuating the tool; and it con- Serial No.360,657. on model.)

or agent may flow to the apparatus for the.

purpose of actuating the hammers, dies, or other instrumen ts.

My invention consists, further, in making the cut-off a partof thehinge'or joint by.

which the two portions of the instruments are hinged together, as willbe hereinafter more particularly described.

My invention consists, also, in the combination, with the plungers whichactuate the several tools, of a valve movement controlling the operationthereof and mounted in a pin or plug which connects the two parts of thejoint or hinge.

My invention consists, further, in the de tails of construction andcombinations of devices, hereinafter described, and more particularlyspecified in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows in vertical section andpartial side ele vation an apparatus embodying .my invention, whereinthe pressure of air, gas, steam, or other fluid is employed to operatethe plungers which actuate the tool. Fig. 2 is an end view of thc'part-sat the joint enlarged. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line X X,Fig.

2, through the joint and the valve movement contained therein. Figs. 4and 5 illustrate the two sides of the joint respectively detached fromone another. elevation-of the plug or pin which connects the two sidesor arms of the apparatus. Fig. 7 illustrates a modification in theconstruc- Fig. 6 is a side" tion of the apparatus at the joint andhandle portion of the same.

Referring to Fig. 1, A B indicate, respectively, the two sides or armswhich form the support for the several hammers, dies,'or

other tools employed and the parts actuating the same. The two arms A Bare hinged together or otherwise movable with relation to one another sothat they maybe swung apart so as to permit the instrument to be appliedover the work, here illustrated at W as a round bar or red. The two armsor supports A B may be hinged or jointed in any suitable manner, butpreferably by means of an ordinary knuckle-joint, parts of which areindicated in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, Fig. 0 showing the plug or pin for thejoint.

A B are handles by which the two arms A B may be opened and closed. Thetwo arms or supports A B carry the four tool-operating plungers II II IIII, here shown as pistons working in cylinders in the arms A B andadapted to be rcciprocated by fluid-pressure applied alternately atopposite sides of the pistons through chambers or passages '6 l. Theplungcrs H are arranged, as shown, to opcrate on converging lines, sothat they may act all together upon the work NV. The tools operated bysaid plungers are here shown as hammers H The passages 2' i all connectwith a port, to be presently described, through which the air, gas,steam, or other fluid under pressure is delivered through the passagesand to the cylinders at one side of the pistons,while the passages Zconnect with a similar port for delivering air or other gas or fluidunder pressure to the opposite side of the piston. The pressure at portsconnecting with 2' Z is controlled by a valve-movement, as will bepresently described. Instead of a valve controlling the admission ofair, gas, steam, or other fluid under pressure, any other means might beused for producing pressure at opposite sides of the pistons Halternately. The ports referred to serve also as exhaust-ports in thepreferable construction of the apparatus. The plungers may be cushionedon their back stroke by means of projections on a cylinderhead adaptedto fit into air cups or cavities in the piston-heads or plungers. Thefluid employed for operating the plungers being supplied through aflexible conduit, the i11- strument may be held in the hand and turnedaround the work, so as to bring the tools to bear on all parts of it.

00 are sliding gages fixed to the arms carrying the tools and adapted toengage with the work, as indicated, so as to adjust the hammers fordifferent sizes of work and cause them to be normally equidistant fromthe center.

The valve-movement which controls the passage of the fluid to theplungers is mounted in the pin or plug V, connecting the two parts ofthe hinge. I prefer to employ for thisvalve-movement a combination ofvalves invented by me and arranged as follows:

D D is a double-acting piston working in a suitable chamber, as shown,and kept in operation by air or fiuid pressure admitted al ternately atopposite ends of the cylinder through the ports a a. The piston-heads Dare connected by a rod D thus leaving a pressure-space, which is put incommunication by the reciprocation of the piston alternately with theports, which form openings between the pressure-space and thepressure-spaces of another double-actingpisten 0 C. Passages K L extendtransversely through the plug V, carrying the plungers and in line, asshown, so as to make ports or passages indicated at K L, Fig. 3,connecting the spaces in which the pistons D C work. These passages Kextend completelythrough the plug, as shown, and at the surface'thereofare enlarged, as indicated by the dottedlines in Fig. (3, for thepurpose to be presently described. Air, gas, or other fluid underpressure is delivered to the space between the piston-heads D throughthe port or opening P, as will be presently described. Suitable stopsare provided for the double piston Dat the end of the cylinder in whichit works, and by suitable construction the piston may be cushioned atthe end of a stroke by confining the air or gas under pressure incavities or cups upon the piston-heads, which slip over projections onthe cylinder-heads at the end of a stroke.

C C is a second double-acting piston, which is kept in operation by airor gas pressure admitted alternately through ports K L, Fig. 3, tospaces at the inside of the piston-heads. The piston-heads are connectedby a rod, as shown, working through a diaphragm, and the connecting-rodmay have a packing at the point where it passes through the diaphragm,if desired, although this is not absolutely necessary, since a slightamount of leakage from one side to the other will not prevent theoperation of the apparatus. Piston-heads O C alternately cover anduncover the ports a a for admission of the air or gas under pressure tothe cylinder in which the piston D works. This air or gas pressure isconveniently and preferably taken from the part of the cylinder forpiston C C wherein the pressure exists for operating the latter. PistonO C may be cushioned at the end of each stroke by allowing thepiston-heads to confine a' small volume of air between the head and thediaphragm in obvious manner, and the cushioning action may be assistedby means of springs, should it be deemed desirable. These springs mayalso aid in reversing the movement of the piston. The outer ends of thecylinders for the double piston C are left open to the outer air or toan exhaust-chamber, so that ports a a, when uncovered by a movement oftheir piston C toward the central diaphragm, may form exha-us sports forthe cylinder in which the piston D works.

To make'the operation of the two pistons D D O O, in the manner to bepresently de scribed, control the action of the plungers II II, it issimply necessary to put the passages i Z in permanent connection withthe spaces at the inner sides of the heads C O. This connection is madeby means of the passages K L, merging in the ports located in the wallsbetween the two pistons, as shownin Fig. 3, and

the ports I I L L Figs. 4 and 5, in the two parts of the hinge. Port Kcommunt cates with the passage] in one arm or part of the apparatus, andport K in the other part of the hinge communicates with the passage Zinthe other side or arm. The transverse passage K in the plug is enlargedat 6 toward the end of the plug, so as to be brought into registry withport K, and is at the other side of the plug enlarged in the oppositedirection, as indicated at 5, so as to register with the port K Thetransverse passage Z is enlarged longitudinally of the plug, asindicated at 8, so as to form communication with the port L leading tothe passages Z in one side or arm, as A, and is enlarged, as indicatedat '7, toward the middle of the plug, so as to register with the port Lin part B, connecting with passages t in such part or arm 13.

The operation of the automatic valve movement described in connectionwith the several plungers is as follows: In the position of the pistonsshown the air passes by port K and port Ct to one side of piston D, thespace at the opposite side of piston D being open through the port d tothe exhaust. The piston D is thereupon moved, with the effect ofshutting off the air pressure at port. K from piston C and opening theportL for communication with the source of air-pressure. At the sametime the movement of the piston D is sufficient to open communication byport K with the space at the left-hand end of the cylinder for D, sothat the air or gas may exhaust from the pressure-space at the left endof the double piston O as soon as the saidpiston (3 moves slightly tothe right and opens the port a. at the rear side of the piston-head O.Piston 0 now moves to the right, until finally it opens communication byway of the port a between the space at the inside of the right-handpiston O and the right-hand end of piston D to produce reversemovement,the exhaust at the opposite end of piston D taking place nowthrough port a. The piston D by its reverse movement opens the port Kfor admission of air or gas under pressure to cause movement of piston Oto the left, the exhaust for such piston 0 now taking place through portL, which has been uncovered by the movement of D, to the left, so thatthe exhaust may pass through the cylinder of D and out by port a. Thereversal of movement of the large piston O at each stroke may beassisted by a spring, as well as by the fact that the piston D, aftercovering port K or L and so as to shut off the air-pressure from O andopen the port K or L as an exhaust, will on continuation of its movementproduce rarefaction of the air or gas which may be confined in theposition of the piston 0 shown, thereby causing an inequality of thepressures, tending to move the piston C after communication isestablished by way of port L to the space at the inside of theright-hand piston-head C. It will be obvious that as the ports K Lcommunicate with the spaces between the piston-heads C and the diaphragmbetween them, where pressure and exhaust take place alternately, therewill be in the passages t Z and in the spaces atthe opposite sides ofthe plungers H H H H a condition of alternate pressure and exhaust orlowering of pressure which will cause said plungers to reciprocate withthe piston 0. Thus when there is pressure in the space'be- 'tween one ofthe piston-heads C and the intermediate diaphragm, tending to move saidpiston in one direction-as, for instance, in the space communicating byport K with the passages Z-there will be at the same timeexhaust-passages opened for the escapeof, the steam or other fluid underpressure from the space between the inner side of the other piston-headC and the intermediate diaphragm, so that the pressure in the passages7;, communicating with port Z, maybe relieved. Under this condition thepistons, H will move back away from the work through the pressurecommunicated through K and passages Z, the exhaust taking place throughi and L a. \Nhen, however, the valve mechanism moves in the oppositedirection through the pressure communicated to the space between thehead.

i to the rear of the plungers H, while an exhaust will exist through thepassages Z, the port L, and the port a. It will be observed that theports K L are pressure and exhaust ports for the double-acting piston C,and are controlled by the action of the double-actin g piston D D,

so as to produce reciprocation ot the piston C, while in the same mannerthe ports we are alternately inlet and exhaust ports for piston D, andare controlled by the movements of C. Each piston operates, therefore,as a valve for controlling the inlet and exhaust of the other bymeans oftwo sets of ports a a K L, and each piston moves in its own cylinder,and is not, as in some previous constructions, carried by the other. Theair or gas under pressure is supplied to port B? through passage Pin onepart or side B of the hinge or joint. The plug V is fastened by means ofscrews S in the other side A, so that the two ports or openings P P willmove with relation to one another when the arms A B are swung apart. Inthe position shown, where the tool is closed down upon the work, theports P P move with relation to one another into position indicated bythe dotted lines, Fig. 2, and the air or other fluid is cut oit. Theair, gas, steam, or other fluid under pressure is supplied to thepassage P through a flexible tube P or by other means.

In Fig. 7 I have illustrated a modification in the arrangement of thehandles with relation to the apparatus. llero thehandlescon- Les IIO

IIS

nect with the device at the joint, and pressure moving the handlestogether operates after the manner of a pair of shears to bring the twoparts at the opposite end of the instrument toward one another. Thepassage 1 is carried through one side of the instrument, as before, toregister with the passage or port carried by the pin or plug V.

\Vhat I claim as my invention is 1. The combination, substantially asdescribed, of a plurality of hammers, dies, or similar devices workingon converging lines and mounted upon two arms or supports adapted to beswung or moved apart, so that the instrument may be applied to orremoved from the work, as and for the purpose described.

2. In a pneumatic tool, the combination, substantially as described, oftwo arms or supports A B, jointed or hinged together and each carryingone or more tool'operating plungers, as and for the purpose described.

3. The combination, substantially as described, of the two hinged arms AB, each carrying two or more tool-operating plungers working in linesconverging toward a common center.

4. In a pneumatic tool, the combination, substantially as described, oftool-operating plungers mounted on hinged supports jointed or hinged toone another and having a cutoff located in the hinge, as described, soas to be opened and closed as the arms are moved for the purpose ofapplying or removing the tool.

5. The combination, substantially as described, of the two arms orsupports A B, each carrying one or more plungers, a source of fluidunder pressure for operating said plungers, and a cut-off connected withthe two arms A B, so as to be shut when the arms are separated.

6. The combination, substantially as described, of tool arms or supportshinged together and each carrying one or more tooloperating plungers,and a valve-movement mounted in the plug or pin which connects the twoparts of the hinge.

7. The combination, substantially as described, of the arms hingedtogether and carrying the tool operating plungers, passages connectedwith the cylinders for said plungcrs and leading to ports in the hinge,a plug or pin V, connecting the two parts of the hinge and carrying acontrolling-valve mechanism, and passages in the plug leading from suchvalve mechanism to the ports in the two sides of the hinge.

S. In a pneumatic tool, the combination, with the tool-operatingplungers carried on two arms or supports, of a hinge or joint connectingthe arms, and an automatic valve for the plungers mounted in theconnecting-pin for the hinge.

t). The combination, substantially as described, with the automaticvalve-movement having two pistons and connecting-ports, of the passagesK L, extending through the plug and connecting with ports in the twosides of the hinge.

10. In a pneumatic tool, the combination, with the arms hinged togetherand carrying the tool-operating plungers, of a valve-movement mounted inthe pin for the hinge, and passages K L, extending through the pin toports connecting with passages in the arms, the passages in the pinincluding ports or passages for the valve mechanism, wherein pressureand exhaust alternately occur.

11. The combination, substantially as described, ot' the two arms A B,each carrying one or more tool-operating plungers, a joint or hingeconnecting the same, and a cut-off one member of which is carried by thejointpin moving with one arm, while the other is carried by the otherarm of the instrument.

12. The combination, substantially as described, of the arms A B, havingports or passages Z 2', a pin or plug V, by which the two arms arehinged together, pistons D 0, working in said plug or pin, and passagesK L, extending trai'lsversely through the pin between the two pistons,said passages at their ends connecting, respectively, with ports orpassages in the two arms.

Signed at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts,this 31st day of July, A. D. 1890.

WILLIAM M. \VOOI).

W'itnesses:

II. D. SEARS, W. H. Honens.

